A sharp, acidic, and refreshing aroma like biting into a green apple. Often found in young white wines and sparkling wines.

A soft, sweet aroma with moderate acidity, reminiscent of a ripe apple. Also found in rounded white wines and aged sparkling wines.

A fresh, smooth, and sweet aroma reminiscent of a pear. Often found in white wines with mild acidity and a soft impression.

A delicate, fresh, and sweet aroma like a white peach. Easy to find in elegant and refined white wines.

A soft, sweet aroma with a slight tartness, reminiscent of a ripe apricot. Often found in white wines with rich fruit flavors.

A crisp, refreshing aroma with sharp acidity, reminiscent of lemon juice or zest. Commonly found in fresh white wines and sparkling wines.

A refreshing, acidic aroma with a hint of bitterness, like grapefruit. Found in crisp, dry white wines.

A sweet and sour, vibrant aroma reminiscent of ripe pineapple. Appears in fruit-rich white wines made in warm regions.

A sweet, mellow aroma reminiscent of ripe banana. Created during fermentation, often found in young, fruity wines.

A rich, tropical sweet aroma like a ripe mango. Found in full-bodied white wines from warm regions.

A gentle, fresh sweetness reminiscent of ripe melon. Often found in rounded white wines with soft acidity.

A sweet, exotic, and floral aroma like lychee. A characteristic aroma of highly aromatic white wines such as Gewürztraminer.

A bright, approachable sweet and sour aroma like strawberries. Often found in light red wines and rosé wines.

A vibrant, acidic, and delicately sweet aroma like raspberries. Often found in elegant and light red wines.

A bright, sweet and sour aroma like cherries. Appears in a wide range of red wines, from light to those with ripe fruit flavors.

An aroma combining sweetness and freshness, like blueberries. Gives a calm impression to fruit-rich red wines.

A rich aroma of dark, ripe fruit like blackberries. Often found in powerful, full-bodied red wines.

A concentrated sweet and sour dark fruit aroma like cassis. A characteristic note of red wines such as Cabernet Sauvignon.

A rich, subdued sweet aroma like prunes. Appears in red wines made from ripe grapes or aged red wines.

A mellow, slightly dried fruit-like sweet aroma reminiscent of ripe figs. Found in rich red wines from warm regions.

A delicate, clean aroma reminiscent of acacia or white flowers. Gives an elegant and light impression to refreshing white wines.

A vibrant, slightly sweet aroma like jasmine. Gives an exotic impression to aromatic white wines.

A vibrant, elegant aroma reminiscent of roses. A characteristic floral aroma found in Gewürztraminer and Muscat varieties.

A delicate, slightly subdued purple floral aroma like violets. Often found in elegant red wines.

A cool, refreshing aroma like mint leaves. Can appear as a refreshing note in red wines like Cabernet Sauvignon.

A stronger, slightly medicinal refreshing aroma like eucalyptus, more intense than mint. A note used for red wines from regions like Australia.

An aroma reminiscent of dried herbs like thyme, rosemary, and sage. Found in red wines from warm, dry Mediterranean regions, adding a wild complexity.

A sharp, pungent aroma like freshly ground black pepper. A characteristic spice note found in red wines such as Syrah.

A sweet, warming spice aroma like cinnamon. Often found in wines from warm regions that have undergone barrel aging.

A bittersweet aroma combining sweetness and pungency, like cloves. Adds complexity to barrel-aged red wines.

A sweet and smooth aroma reminiscent of vanilla. Mainly imparted through aging in oak barrels, it adds mellowness to wine.

A fragrant and warm aroma reminiscent of toasted bread. Appears in barrel-aged wines and bottle-aged sparkling wines.

A fragrant and slightly bitter aroma reminiscent of roasted coffee beans. Can be found in red wines aged in heavily toasted barrels.

A sweet and slightly bitter aroma reminiscent of chocolate or cacao. Appears in red wines with ripe fruit flavors and barrel-aged wines.

A sweet and fragrant aroma of burnt sugar, reminiscent of caramel. Can be felt through barrel aging and oxidative aging.

A fragrant and mellow aroma reminiscent of almonds and hazelnuts. Adds complexity to barrel-aged or long-aged wines.

A mellow and creamy aroma reminiscent of melted butter. Often appears in Chardonnays that have undergone malolactic fermentation.

A sweet and fragrant aroma reminiscent of butter bread. Can be found in Champagnes aged on yeast lees.

A rich, smooth, and sweet aroma reminiscent of custard cream. Appears in full-bodied, barrel-aged white wines.

A rich, soft, and sweet aroma reminiscent of honey. Appears in white wines made from ripe grapes, sweet wines, and aged wines.

A mellow, earthy aroma reminiscent of mushrooms or a damp forest. Adds complexity to bottle-aged red wines.

An animalic aroma reminiscent of leather products. Appears in aged red wines, adding depth and complexity to the flavor.

A dry, mineral aroma reminiscent of seashells, the seaside, or limestone. This expression is used for white wines and sparkling wines from cool climates.